Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 Summary COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 â€" Summary COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Shortly after the 2012 application for admission went live we published 10 tips to assist with communicating with our office and obtaining information.   For ease of reference all 10 tips are summarized here for easy reference.   Each is a hyperlink to the full entry.   We hope this allows you to obtain information quickly and communicate clearly with our office. 1.     Always use the same email address when communicating with our office â€" this includes the email you use when you start your application. In addition we recommend NOT using an employer email address and always including your email address in the signature of your message (below your name). 2.   Avoid Unnecessarily Creating a Duplicate Online Application. 3.   Avoid copying several parties on the same email and avoid long emails. 4.   Thoroughly review our FAQ Page. 5.   When leaving a voice mail message speak slowly and clearly, state your telephone number twice, and note your city/time zone. 6.   If you must mail something to our office use a private mail courier and request receipt confirmation. 7.   Check out our student, alumni, faculty, staff interview page. 8.   Familiarize Yourself with Expenses and Start searching for fellowships/scholarships/grants as soon as possible! 9.   Attend an information session or recruitment event. 10.   Subscribe to this Blog.

The Effects Of Video Games On Today s Youth - 1131 Words

Introduction Video games have been one of the most popular sources of entertainment for quite some time. Video games have changed the entertainment industry and is now a billion-dollar industry. The industry has also effected society. Of course, there are some benefits of using video games, but there are also many negative effects of the use of video games, especially on today’s youth. According to NPD, ninety-one percent of children from the age of two to seventeen play video games (Camp, 2011). In terms of the population of the youth, that is nearly sixty-four-million children (Camp, 2011). According to Dino Grandoni, children play from one to three hours of video games per day (Grandoni, 2014). With these facts, it is obvious that the use of video games will have some physical, mental, and social effects on the child, especially if the child becomes addicted to playing video games. The consequences of playing these games in an addictive manner includes physical issues, psychological iss ues, as well as issues connecting with people in the real world. Physical Problems Of course video games can be fun or even relaxing. However, is playing as a fictional character in a fictional realm worth the physical problems that can arise from constantly playing? Playing video games for too long puts stress on the body’s immune system, muscles, and even the brain (video-game-addiction). Also, the addiction of video games can cause a child to maintain poor hygiene habits as well as poorShow MoreRelatedBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Youth Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesof video games, and Angry Birds Theme Park in China Universal Studios in Hollywood, California both also involve video game entertainment, therefore everywhere you go videogames follow! Obviously, the better technology gets the more accessible video games are becoming. Over 90% of the young adults and young children population play video games in the United States. Unfortunately, 90% of those games involve mature content that often includes violence (â€Å"Little By Little, Violent Video Games MakeRead MoreVideo Game Effects On Young Children And Young Adults Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pages. VIDEO GAME EFFECTS ON YOUNG CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS Carlsbad, California Legoland is consists of video games, and Angry Birds Theme Park in China Universal Studios in Hollywood, California both also involve video game entertainment, therefore everywhere you go videogames follow! Obviously, the better technology gets the more accessible video games are becoming. Over 90% of the young adults and young children population play video games in the United States play video games. UnfortunatelyRead MoreVideo Games Have Become Part Of The Social Norm For Kids Now Days1688 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games have become part of the social norm for kids now days. Whether it be for educational purposes, sports, a way to take the edge off, or for just pure entertainment, games have evolved to simulate a real life feel. As video games have advanced, so have the graphics and objectives. Kids are not playing low bit games like Pong anymore, but rather games that look and feel like real life. When you pick up the controller now, you’re enterin g a completely different world. Today, children are growingRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Our Lives1355 Words   |  6 Pagesthis subject. I personally think that video games can greatly impact your lives in a positive manner, but they can also destroy your lives. Videogames altering your intelligence making you less sophisticated, or time consuming making people over weight? The advantage of playing video games can be proven in its ability to enhance learning, hand-eye coordination, and can help to reduce feelings of stress and anger. Videogames a huge part of today s society, becoming more popular than everRead MoreVideo Games Effect On Today s Adolescents839 Words   |  4 PagesAre video games having a negative effect on today’s adolescents? For most teens, video games can be a fun way to escape reality. How do video games impact us? Are video games having a positive or a negative effect on today’s adolescents? Spending too much time playing video games leads to escalating rates of teen violence, obesity and declining grades. Violence, which also includes bullying, among teens has been on the rise for years, Watch the local evening news and you will most likely hearRead MoreVideo Games Encourage Teen Violence Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesVideo Games Encourage Teen Violence A sniper perched high in a eagles nest zooms in through his scope to the head of his enemy, pulls the trigger, the enemy falls to the ground headless. This is a image that is common in the world of war, and now in the world of video games. Teens all over the world have become completely addicted to first person fighting games. With technology as great as it is today game makers are able to designed games that are so real it is truly scary. Millions of teensRead MoreEssay on Violent Video Games are the Root Cause of Youth Aggression1157 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the most popular being video games. Video games have come a long way since they were first introduced to the mainstream audience during the 1960’s and 1970’s and have drawn a large amount attraction among people of all ages and culture. However it wasn’t until the Play-station was released that violence became a concern to parents and politics. The level of violence in video games have been in a matter of controversy dating all the way back to the classic games like Pacman and Space InvadersRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On The Media1372 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Many studies suggest that violent video games contribute to the aggressions of video games players. Today over 85% of video games contained violence, and the rest have explicit content like sex, drugs, and disregard to human life (Carnagey, Anderson, Bushman, 2007). Someone who is new to video games is exposing themselves to violence, and for many the general concern comes from being influence from such games. For example, video games first influence school shooting that first startedRead MoreThe Importance Of Violent Video Games932 Words   |  4 PagesWhile video games are fun for a lot of people, violent video games have proven to lead to more than just high scores and a source of entertainment. Violent video games need to be limited to our maturing youth. First, violent video games are one of the biggest and increasing outlets for providing our youth with deranged thoughts and aggressive impulsions. Second, the use of violent video games is very prevalent amongst soldiers in the U.S. Army being ordered to play these games to keep them in a warrior

Stereotyping A Neverending Cycle - 993 Words

Stereotyping is a never ending cycle, one that occurs daily and victimizes everyone. According to Julia Marsh, Author of Barneys busted student for shopping while black. A young black man, recently was discriminated â€Å"On October 22, 2013, in Queens, New York, a nineteen year old black college student named Tayvon Christian, who is nineteen years old, walked into the store Barneys with the excitement of purchasing a designer belt by Salvatore Ferragamo. After making the purchase of the belt, Christian was grabbed and held in the security office by an undercover officer who then asked him how a young black man such as himself could afford to purchase such an expensive belt. The worker from Barneys assumed Christian was fraudulent, and made him provide his identification, debit card, and receipt from the purchase. Officers even called his bank to determine if it was really his card, and it was. Christian was released, by the officers and he is suing Barneys and the NYPD for unspeci fied damages (Marsh, 1). Tayvon was the victim of stereotyping. In today’s society stereotypes play an important role, because it is broken down into so many categories such as religion, homosexuality, and race. Stereotyping is widespread in America and all over the world. It is based on generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. Tayvon was a victim of stereotype because people tend to believe that majority of black males are thieves and do not have the money to purchase certainShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesHighland Park Public Library Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 6.1. Ten Reasons for Marketing Library and Information Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7.1. The Life Cycle of Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7.2. Organization Chart Showing Authority Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fi gure 7.3. Line and Staff Organizational Units . . . . . . . . . Figure 7.4. Organization

Baby Thesis Free Essays

(Baby Thesis) Factors that can affect a student’s academic performance Submitted By: Rose Ann J. Soltes Submitted To: Michael Rey C. Bucol Introduction When students earn a below average grade on a test or a report card, it does not necessarily mean that they did not study hard enough. We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Thesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many intelligent children who do not perform well in school, not because they cannot comprehend classroom lessons, but because of external factors that affect their academic success   Waking up early for school has recently been acknowledged as a reason why students are not performing to the best of their ability. Sleepy students are less likely to pay attention to their teachers. Published an article in 2006, which discusses a study regarding the start time. Across the country, schools on average begin around 7:30AM. However, the study, led by a CAD. IT teachers, discovered that students perform better later in the day for biological reasons. The article states that specific high schools that started later saw an improvement in their students’ academic achievement simply because they were able to wake up later. The extent of student’s learning in academics may bedetermined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has beendone. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If alearner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned alot while low grades indicate lesser learning. However, many experiences and studies found out that there are also several factors that would account for the grades. No single factor can be definitely pointed out as predicting grades. It has been an interplay of so many factors – gender, IQ, study habits, age, year  level, parent’s educational attainment, social status, number of siblings, birthorder, etc. In fact, almost all of existing environmental and personal factorsare a variable of academic performance. However, at this point in time, theresearchers would like to investigate the possible relationship of study habitsand the factors affecting it to the academic achievement of under graduate. Theinvestigation of on this area thus becomes a real and compelling motivationfor the researchers to conduct this study. Statement of the Problem This study intended to find out the factors affecting the study habits of  undergraduate CAD. IT students. It also aimed to answer the following questions: 1) What is the profile of the respondents according to: 1. 1 Time management 1. 2 Learning Skills 1. 3 Study Skills 2) What extent of influence did the independent variables have on studentstudy habits? 3) Did the independent variables significantly influence students studyhabits? Recommendation The researchers believes that students, particularly CAD. IT will be benefited from the findings of this study since the study provides basis for awareness and better understanding of how their current study habits affected their academic performance. Likewise gives them a morefocused and clear perspective on how the specific behaviours related totheir studies influenced study habits. Consequently, this awareness alsogives a much deeper understanding of their selves as students consideringthat the college life is typically beset of developmental adjustment demands. School administrators-like subject area coordinators, may also beguided in the formulation of future modification of educational policies,curriculum and strategies toward a more effective delivery of learning. Teachers- will also be help in understanding better the diversity of  learning of their students. As such, it is hoped that they could develop more effective methodologies in teaching their subject matter. Guidance and Counselling Centre-will also be help by this studythrough providing a more focused and factual knowledge on the factorsaffecting students study habits. This increased the understanding of theGuidance Counsellors on the interplay of the variables studied in thisresearch. Such knowledge is hoped to help the Guidance and Counselling practitioners towards the development and implementation of more effective programs in consideration of these variables. Research Settings The study will be conducted inside the computer aided design and information technology (CAD. IT) Data Gathering The researchers will ask permission from the administration office to allow the student to answer the questionnaire. The answering of the questionnaire will be done in the CAD. IT intitution. Answered questionaires then, will be gather, responses coded andwill be subject to the appropriate statistical computation for reliability. These students name will then be deleted from the list of the total population so asnot to include them again in the selection of the sample population. Instruments Use Self- developed questionnaire composed of 10 items questions will be use to measure Study Habits of CAD. IT Students. Survey Questionnaire on Study Habits Name_______________________ Course ;Year______________  Age______Gender_______  Date________________ Direction: Please put check (v) on the space that corresponds to what you  are actually doing, thinking, and feeling regarding the statement. There are noright and wrong answers to this questionnaire. Rest assured that your  answers will be treated in strictest and will be used only for this study. . What is your gender? Male _____ Female ______ 2. What year are you in college? 1styear ____ 2nd year ______ 3rd year _____ 4th year ______ 3. What is your average grade? A _____ A- ______ B______ B- ______ C______ D ______ 4. How far in advance do you start studying for finals? One month ____ Two weeks______ One week _____ Daysbefore_____  The night before_______ 5. What time of day do you do the most studying? Morning (6 a. m. to noon _____ Afternoon (noon to 6 p. m. ) _____  Evening (6 p. m. to 9 p. m. ) _____ Night (9 p. . to 12 a. m. ) _____  Late night (12 a. m. to 6 a. m. ) _____ 6. On average, how many hours do you study for finals? 20-24 hours ______ 15-19 hours_______10-14 hours _______ 5-9 hours  ________  1-4 hours _________ 7. What is your favorite way to study? Repeating points out loud _____ Writing index/flash cards, then usingthem_______  Writing outlines _______ Highlighting text ______ Studying in agroup__________   Going to review sessions ______ Other, please describe :  ________________ 8. Where is your favorite place to study? Dorm room _____ Bedroom _______ Dorm common room/lounge  _______  Library ______ Coffee shop _______ Parents’ home ______ Campuspub/bar _____  Student union _______ Other, please describe: _______________ 9. What is your favorite study break? Exercise _______ Watching TV/movie ____Surfing the Internet _______  Napping _________ Socializing ______ Playing video games ________  Praying/meditating ______ Other, please describe: _______________ 10. Do you feel increased stress or anxiety leading up to exam time? Yes ____ No _____   CONCLUSION How to cite Baby Thesis, Essay examples

Replacement Darling Harbour Bridge Project -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Replacement Darling Harbour Bridge Project? Answer: Introduction The statement of work is a structured document that gives an insight of the details and scope of the work that is needed to be completed within the specific project. This formal document is needed to be agreed upon all the parties involved in the project. An effective Statement of Work document should contain every minute details of the project so that the different parties involved have a clear idea of the type of work required, duration of the work and the project deliverables. The statement of work document generally contains a brief description of the project and involves a request for proposal as well. This document should be routinely employees in the implementation of project management as it contains the definition of the project specific activities, the project deliverables and project timeline along with the project schedule. Project Background The project deals with the work of Darling Harbor Swing Bridge replacement. This project involves the superstructure replacement of the bridge along with the swing span replacement, substructure modification. Other works of the project includes a complete mechanical and electrical overhaul, operator house replacement and fender system replacement. The project has been designed in order to minimize the impact or effect on public. Therefore, it is decided that the works related to the superstructure and swing span replacement is to be completed within the 10-day period during which the bridge will remain closed for the public. The construction work for the project is decided to be start on 11 September 2017 and completed within 5th December 2017. The budget set for the entire project is AUD 31,474,000. Tenders for the project have been invited, which is needed to be submitted in person to Samira Alvandi. A proper project management plan is developed for this project along with the plan for quality assurance and safety management standards. The contract type chosen for this project is a fixed type contract with a bid built method of delivery. The project is expected to be completed within the set schedule and allocated budget. Scope of Work The scope of work for renovation of the bridge includes the planning and execution of the project according to the set plan. A group f architect appointed for the project will be responsible for designing the structure of the construct ion work and a detailed overview of the part of the bridge that needs immediate attention. Each part of the planning phase will however require approval from the project owner before moving on to the subsequent stages. The contractor hired for the project is responsible for ensuring the presence of adequate resources for redesigning, building and stress tensing. The implementation phases of the project include the replacement of the superstructure of the swing bridge, replacement of the swing plan along with the modifications of the substructure. This requires a planned approach as all the works in the project should be completed within the 10-day bridge closure period. Other construction works in the project includes complete mechanical and electrical overhaul, replacement of the operator house and fender system replacement. The major deliverables associated with the project is the replacement of superstructure and the swing span. This is a major deliverable because it is set to be completed within a very constricted time of 10 days. The project should be completed within the set budget of AUD 31,474,000 with the start date of construction work is scheduled to 11 September 2017 and the project completion date is set to 5 December 2017. Period of Performance The project of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge Replacement Project is implied for the development of the effective flow of operations and its significant development of the bridge in the span of project duration. The operations of the project would be carry on from Monday 11th September, 2017 to 5th December, 2017. Work Requirements The project of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge Replacement Project would consist of using the waterfall methodology for the development of the construction project. The project of construction of the activities of bridge redevelopment would involve the use of the effective and improved operations. The project operations would be divided into four phases namely Project Planning, Project Initiation, Project Construction, and Project Closure. The planning phase consists of development of project plan, resource development plan, financial plan development, quality analysis and strategy, communication plan development, and procurement plan development. The Project Initiation Phase includes Buisness case development, Feasibility Analysis and Study, Project Charter Documentation, and Project team is build up. The Project Construction Phase comprises of "Superstructure Replacement of the Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Swing Span Replacement of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Substructure Modif ication of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Mechanical Overhaul is formed for Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Electrical Overhaul is formed for Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Operator House replacement for Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", and "Fender System Replacement of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge". The Project Closure Phase includes the Project Progress is Reviewed, Final Documentation of the project, and Stakeholders Sign off the project final report. The project requirements consist of some resources that would be implied for the development of the effective processing and analysis. The project of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge Replacement would have to endure the development of the effective and smart analysis of the project integration management. The development of the project operations would be helpful for the integration of the profound knowledge development. The acceptance of the project would be based on the following factors, Project Initial Requirements and Resources are gathered Project would be completed in the estimated time schedule Operations of the project would be completed in the estimated cost budget Government Approval of the construction Activities WHS health and Safety Policies for construction is implied Fire Safety Measures are used Project Gantt Chart Quality assurance for any project is necessary for maintaining a desirable quality of a product. This requires through attention to every stage and processes from the project initiation phase to the project completion phase. The construction work related to the repair an renovation of the Darling Harbor Swing bridge is a highly optimized process involving different disciplines and different participants as well. The quality assurance standards thus undertaken in this project eliminates the cause of unsatisfying performance in the project implementation. A contract document is developed as a guideline of quality control. This document indicates that any construction work in the bridge will be considered acceptable under the applicable regulatory codes and standards of professional practice, only if it is reliable enough and the ease with which the maintenance works can be managed. The different tools and technology involved with the maintenance of the quality standard includes regular inspection of the works, control charts and statistical sampling. These tools help in improvement of the quality of the works and in decision acceptance as well. Evaluation of the project performance in regular basis helps in providing the confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards and therefore this is one of the major requirements in maintaining a standard quality of the project. Furthermore, monitoring of the quality assurance program is necessary for ensuring a proper result. This further requires a development of quality management plan that should be followed throughout the project implementation phase. Quality audit is another major criteria required for safeguarding the assured quality of the project is scheduled to be completed in a constricted time of 10 days. Furthermore, in order to assure a good quality project, determining and inspecting the quality of the building materials such as cement, sand, steel and aggregate concrete is essential. The moisture content in the specific part of the bridge is to be measured and dealt accordingly. The tensile strength of the steel and compressive strength of the bricks is needed to be inspected in order to deliver a good quality product and project. The different steps involved in quality assurance are listed below- 1) The materials testing are to be done prior to the beginning of the construction 2) The contractor is responsible for obtaining the samples of the materials designated as the proposed source of the materials 3) Contractor is responsible for sending the test samples in the testing laboratory for determining the acceptance criteria of the material under testing 4) The CQAO is responsible for inspecting the materials being used periodically 5) The project manager is responsible for supervision of the entire project work and should make sure that the project undergoes every phases of the project management. Safety Standards are designed in order to ensure the safety of the products activities and the processes involved in the project management life cycle. Every worker and employees associated with this project should abide by the safety standards of the project. The safety policy is designed to comply with the occupational safety and health administration, with an aim of maintaining a safe workplace. Workers are requires to familiarize themselves with all the potential hazards in the construction site and should not work in the areas where the protection system have not been installed. The project owner should also ensure fall protection systems to protect the workers working in the site and prevent them from walking on unprotected edges. Hard hats are mandatory to be worn while working on site. Furthermore, it is mandatory for the workers to wear sturdy and non-skid work boots while working on the bridge. For this, workers should be trained enough to recognize the hazards of falling a nd should know the procedure of minimizing the hazards and preventing the falls. The workers should be further provided with an eye and face protection to the workers and the safety standard designed should meet the standards of ANSI Z87.1-2010. Workers should be trained to operate the aerial lift in the workspace. Procurement Strategy Procurement strategy is a planned approach of delivering a successful product. It deals with the acquisition of materials, supplies and services that a company need to operate successfully. The type of contract chosen for a project depends on many factors, which includes type of the building project and goals and objective of the project. The contract type chosen for this renovation project is a fixed price contract. This contract type is chosen for this project because the total budget of the project is already fixed to AUD 31, 474,000 with a a fixed schedule. Furthermore, the superstructure and swing span replacement of the bridge is needed to be completed within the 10-day bridge closure period to minimize the impact of construction on public. Therefore, it is beneficial to consider a fixed project contract for this construction work. In a fixed type contract, the owner and the contractor before the initiation of the construction or project work agree a single price for all work. This assures the completion of the project within athe ste time as this type of contract includes incentives fir early completion of the project and in similar ways, the liquidated damages or penalties for the late completion. Therefore, it becomes responsibility of the contractor to complete the work within the set time. Since the amount is already paid at the beginning of the project initiation, it becomes the responsibility of the contractor to complete the work within the set schedule. There is however, certain risk associated with the builder or the contractor if he fails to bid an appropriate cost of the project. This risk can however be mitigated in this case as the budget of the project is already set for this project as well as the project schedule. Fixed contract is ideal for the projects, which have a clear project scope and defined construction schedule. There is limited flexibility in modifying and designing the project works once the project has been initiated. Since t he scope, schedule and budget of the project is clear, it is beneficial for the project owner to consider a fixed type contract. The major drawback related to the fixed type contract is that there is less transparency in the breakdown of costs and the profit margin of the builder. The major advantage of a fixed type contract is that it is normally not subjected to any sort of adjustments unless the provision for the same is included in the agreement. It provides the assurance of a task or project completion within a set budget and therefore fixed contract is set for this renovation project. Furthermore, it places a minimum administrative burden on the different contracting parties but is subjected to maximum risk in case of cost escalation. The method of delivery chosen for this project is design bid build method. This includes designing of the project by a team of architects hired for this project. The contractor appointed for the project along with the project manager is responsible for completion of the project. In this mode of delivery, the designing and construction phases of a project are clear and distinct and the entire planning of the project is generally completed before the initiation of the project. The major advantage of the project is that, the project scope is well understood and there are less chance of the misunderstandings in the project. The delivery method associated with a fixed time contract is design bid build delivery and therefore, this method of delivery is recommended for the project. References Asqtoronto.org., (2017). Seven Quality Tools | ASQ Toronto Section 402. Retrieved 9 September 2017, from https://asqtoronto.org/resources/quality-tools/seven-quality-tools/ Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Chartier, L. B., Cheng, A. H., Stang, A. S., Vaillancourt, S. (2017). Quality improvement primer part 1: Preparing for a quality improvement project in the emergency department.Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1-8. Cicmil, S., Cooke-Davies, T., Crawford, L., Richardson, K. (2017, April). Exploring the complexity of projects: Implications of complexity theory for project management practice. Project Management Institute. Corona-Surez, G. A., AbouRizk, S. M., Karapetrovic, S. (2014). Simulation-based fuzzy logic approach to assessing the effect of project quality management on construction performance.Journal of Quality and Reliability Engineering,2014. Handschu, R., Scibor, M., Wacker, A., Stark, D. R., Khrmann, M., Erbguth, F., ... Marquardt, L. (2014). Feasibility of certified quality management in a comprehensive stroke care network using telemedicine: STENO project.International Journal of Stroke,9(8), 1011-1016. Hegazy, T. (2013).Computer-Based Construction Project Management: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Heinrich, S., Irouschek, A., Prottengeier, J., Ackermann, A., Schmidt, J. (2015). Adverse airway events in parturient compared with non?parturient patients. Is there a difference? Results from a quality management project.Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research,41(7), 1032-1039. Heldman, K. (2015).PMP project management professional exam deluxe study guide: updated for the 2015 Exam. John Wiley Sons. Hwang, B. G., Ng, W. J. (2013). Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), 272-284. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H. (2017).Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Kheni, N. A., Ackon, F. (2015). Impact of Total Quality Management Practices (TQMPs) on Construction Project Quality Performance in Developing Countries: Study of Construction Businesses in Ghana.International Journal of Management Science,2(3), 35-51. Kwon, O., Lee, N., Shin, B. (2014). Data quality management, data usage experience and acquisition intention of big data analytics.International Journal of Information Management,34(3), 387-394. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013).Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Levin, G. (2014). Project Quality Management: Why, What and How.Project Management Journal,45(5). Low, S. P., Ong, J. (2014). Quality Management. InProject Quality Management(pp. 29-36). Springer Singapore. Mir, F. A., Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), 202-217. Olafsdottir, H. (2016). Announcement of the IPMA Research Awards 2015.International Journal of Project Management,34, A1-A2. Papp, J. (2014).Quality Management in the Imaging Sciences-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Pemsel, S., Wiewiora, A. (2013). Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), 31-42. Phillips, J. (2013).PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Todorovi?, M. L., Petrovi?, D. ?., Mihi?, M. M., Obradovi?, V. L., Bushuyev, S. D. (2015). Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project management.International Journal of Project Management,33(4), 772-783. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Verzuh, E. (2015).The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Wagner, C., Groene, O., DerSarkissian, M., Thompson, C. A., Klazinga, N. S., Arah, O. A., ... DUQuE Project Consortium. (2014). The use of on-site visits to assess compliance and implementation of quality management at hospital level.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,26(suppl_1), 27-35. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Zeng, S. X., Tam, C. M., Tam, V. W. (2015). Integrating safety, environmental and quality risks for project management using a FMEA method.Engineering Economics,66(1).

Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice

Asian female celebrities and Caucasian men, has become one of the most common interracial pairing in America. The trend is attributed to motivational and cognitive prejudice that a particular person has towards his or her counterpart. Prejudice emanates from a special preference for a particular individual due to race, nationality, social status, or sexual orientation. Such factors have soothed Asian women to prefer Caucasian men to their Asian male counterparts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Caucasian men prefer Asian females due to their highly rated smartness, good body physic and social interactivity. In addition, Asian females are said to be submissive in nature. Anyone who finds himself a target of the cross-cultural frustrations will definitely defend himself as pursuing his tastes rather than guided by th e ethnic stereotypes. This growing trend creates an imbalance in interracial pairing and both the Asian and Caucasian men have expressed their disappointment. The Asian female and Caucasian male interracial pairing phenomenon is attributed to the motivational sources of prejudice that exist among the parties involved. This fact is clearly elaborated in the frustration and aggression, and the social identity theories. Furthermore, frustration and aggression is further categorized into the realistic group conflict theory and the scapegoat theory. The realistic group theory is manifested in the fact that Caucasian men are striking back at the modern feminism portrayed by the Caucasian females. Most Caucasian men believe that their counterparts articulate for modern feminism, whose main agenda is equal rights for women, and in the process end up discrediting the males. Initiating and sustaining of relationships with the Caucasian females becomes complex and uncomfortable forcing the Cau casian males to resort to Asian females who are more idealistic (Myers, 2010). Furthermore, the Caucasian men who cannot contain the masculine role that the Caucasian women play in relationships turn to women from other cultural backgrounds. They mainly prefer the Asian females. In this regard, Asian females obtain preference because of their supposed submissive nature attributed to the male dominance in relationships from their cultures. Notably, such characteristics promoted by tradition and culture are considered to be socially backward and lack value in the American standards. The scapegoat theory explains some of the reasons that coerce Caucasian men to prefer Asian females to the Caucasian females. Most Caucasian men with certain weaknesses in their character prefer dominance in relationship. Therefore, individuals with such personalities resort to Asian females whose culture advocates for submissiveness in a relationship. With this option, the Caucasian men can avoid the blam e games that are prevalent in relationship with women who advocate for the gender role equality.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Asian women indeed become the ultimate alternative in which Caucasian men can exercise their aggression. No matter how the Asian females get exposed to the American society, their culture still pervades unlike other individuals from different backgrounds. This has therefore substantially contributed to the rapid increase in the Caucasian men’s’ preference to the Asian women. The social identity theories propose that individuals have social groups and categories that form an important part in their self-concept. The individual personalities portrayed by both the Caucasians and the Asians reflect the need for groups, association with the in-groups and comparison with the out-groups. Most of the young people who belong to both the Caucasian and A sian background are influenced by their counterparts to follow the same path, contributing significantly to the trend. Although numerous accusations may arise that Caucasian men are taking advantage of the Asian women, their preference is attributed by the fact that Asian women are more lady-like. On the other hand, Asian women’s preference for the Caucasian men is attributed to their need for more tolerant and socially fit men. These women quickly point out that the Asian men are restricted by their stifling culture, which forces them to opt for men who are likely to bestow them more freedom. Considering that most relationships are initiated at school levels, most Asian men are academically focused and limit themselves to the classroom work forcing the Asian women to go for Caucasian men. Despite their brilliance, they do not put much effort on learning essential skills of establishing and maintaining relationships (Gilbert, 1998). In spite of the cultural values that connec t people, the Asian men feel discarded when the Asian women prefer the Caucasian men to them. Asian women have developed a notion that their men are nerdy and mostly suitable for the karate-chop actions. These ideologies are mainly promoted by the media, which tend to give more favour to the Caucasian men as representing the American standards. The beauty of men as portrayed by the media is represented in terms of characters such as being smart, athletic and social. Media due to its influence on people has greatly changed the desire for women to go for ordinary men, but opt for men who fit the American standards. Such bias favours the Caucasian men in wooing the Asian women. The confidence exhibited by the Caucasian men makes them more attractive to women. A gradual decline in the number of Asian women dating Asian men creates an imbalance since few Caucasian women go for Asian men. Asian males are disadvantaged in this regard and are generally perceived as unattractive to suit the women demands. Due to the continuous appearance of Asian women in the spotlight as representing the American beauty, the preconceptions that initially existed concerning them are now being discarded. This has influenced their preference among Caucasian men unlike the Caucasian women who are more independent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attribution, distinctiveness and categorisation are the cognitive source of prejudice. Categorisation is prevalent and has substantive impact on the Caucasian male and Asian women interracial pairings. With the perception of the Caucasian men as being lenient, appreciative and respectful, they are more favourable to the Asian women compared to their competitors, the Asian men. The rating of the Caucasian men by the Caucasian women as appropriate suitors and partners creates a mentality among women that they are the ideal men for relationships. Most Caucasian men find Asian women suitable because of the fact that the independent Caucasian women are usually short of time, preoccupied and not passionate in relationships (Baron, 2000). In this regard, the analysed perception of the desirability of the Caucasian men and Asian women relationship creates a conception that other unions are not effective. To avoid the likely disappointments in other unions most people choose the tested patterns. Homogeneity effect plays a crucial role in the pairing of the Caucasian men and Asian females. In other words the perception held by women that all Asian men are alike creates a discrepancy in the formation of relationship. Attrition refers to the stereotypic ideologies held by people that what takes place is justifiable. For most Caucasian men, there is a notion that Asian women are ideal for them and therefore a majority of them go for these women. Asian women on the other hand view the cha racteristics of the Asian men as void and weak in forming stable and enjoyable relationships. Distinctiveness mentality among the Caucasian men creates attention and forms inappropriate judgement of the realistic partners that they should have. On a large extent, it has facilitated bias in the creation of ideal and appropriate relationships. Furthermore, both the Asian men and Caucasian women have also concurred the trend and expressed disappointments and pity for the parties involved. References Baron, R. A., Byrne, D. E. (2000). Social psychology (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T., Lindzey, G. (1998). The handbook of social psychology (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill ; Myers, D. G. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 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Jaundice Disease Essay Example

Jaundice Disease Essay Example Jaundice Disease Essay Jaundice Disease Essay The word jaundice is derived from a French word called as jaune, which means yellow. It is a very common condition which is seen in newborn babies which can be treated by exposing them to sunlight. It is also known as yellow skin or eyes disease. It turns your skin, mucous membranes, sclera (the white of your eyes) into a single yellow color. This yellow pigment which is seen on your skin is due to bilirubin which is a byproduct of old red blood cells. If you are affected by jaundice consider it to be a serious problem which cannot to be taken lightly. Nearly 1% red blood cells retire everyday and those are replaced by fresh blood cells. These old blood cells are processed in the liver and later disposed. If there happens to be too many old red blood cells the yellow pigment builds up in the body, which results in the first stages of jaundice. Even though jaundice is not a disease but it is a sign for many other diseases. Jaundice is very common among babies due to the immature functioning of the liver. It is not equipped to deal with the removal of bilirubin from the bloodstream. Jaundice occurs mainly due to liver failure but there are many other reasons by which it is affected. Bilirubin is a natural product arising from the normal breakdown of red blood cells in the body and is excreted in the bile, through the actions of the liver. Jaundice is most often the result of a disorder affecting the liver it can be caused by a variety of other conditions affecting for example the blood or spleen. It should be thoroughly investigated so that the underlying cause can be identified and treated. The red blood cells in our circulation carry oxygen to all parts of the body and have a life span of about 120 days. At the end of their life they are broken down and removed from the circulation by special cells called phagocytes, which are found within the bone marrow, spleen and liver. New red cells are of course continually manufactured and this also takes place within the bone marrow. Following breakdown of the red cells some of their component parts such as amino acids and iron can be re-used by the body. Other components such as bilirubin need to be removed. Knowing how this removal pathway works is the key to understanding how jaundice occurs. Most waste products of the body are excreted in the urine via the kidneys but the liver and bile system is the other main physical route out of the body for these substances. By waste products we mean the many compounds that arise in the course of the bodys metabolism but almost all forms of drugs must also be eliminated either via the urine or bile routes. In the case of bilirubin released from old red cells, it passes through the bloodstream to the liver, where the liver cells process it. These cells carry out many complex chemical functions and also produce the liquid bile, which is the vehicle by which the cells discharge their output to the bile duct system. This is a branching network of tiny tubes throughout the liver, which merge in the same way as the branches of a tree. Ultimately a single main bile duct comes out of the liver and joins the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). Bile (and therefore bilirubin) then passes out through the small and large intestines and is excreted in the stool (feces). Bile is green in colour, but bacteria in the large bowel act to change the bilirubin to substances that are brown, which gives stool its characteristic colour. Some of the bilirubin is reabsorbed back into the body through the bowel wall, eventually appearing in the urine as a substance called urobilinogen (although the typical yellow/orange colour of urine is in fact due a different pigment called urochrome). Therefore, any failure of the bilirubin removal pathway will lead to a build-up of bilirubin in the blood. When this happens the individuals skin turns yellow, causing jaundice. There are many conditions that could be associated with jaundice, such as: An excessive breakdown of red blood cells The balance between manufacture and breakdown of red cells is normally precisely balanced and equal but there are several conditions in which the rate of breakdown increases. If the amount of bilirubin thus released exceeds the livers capacity to remove it, then jaundice will develop. The medical term for excessive red cell breakdown is haemolysis, and within the developed world it is a fairly rare condition. Malaria is however a major cause in tropical climates as the malaria parasites live within the red cells and shorten their life. Similarly the condition in which a foetus develops haemolysis due to incompatibility of its Rhesus blood group with that of its mother is now rarely seen in the UK where we routinely check for Rhesus antibodies in the mothers blood. In parts of the world where antenatal care is not as good haemolytic disease of the newborn is much more common. A temporary jaundice of newborn babies is however quite common, due to the relative immaturity of the babys liver cells and the higher than normal rate of cell breakdown that occurs in the first few weeks of life. It improves rapidly without treatment although when too high it can be speeded up by exposing the baby to ultraviolet light. Jaundice of the newborn is commoner in premature babies as their liver is even more immature than a baby born at term. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is a rare disease in which the bodys immune system seems to attack the red cells. It usually affects adults. Haemolysis can also be a side effect of some drugs, eg dapsone. Impairment of liver cell function The commonest cause is a viral infection of the liver cells (hepatitis). Many different types of infection including glandular fever (mononucleosis) can also be responsible for this. Alcohol abuse and subsequent scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) can cause significant cell damage leading to jaundice. Other less common conditions causing liver cell damage include haemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and primary biliary cirrhosis. Tumours of the liver either primary liver cancers (arising from the liver tissue itself) or more commonly, the secondary spread of a tumour from elsewhere in the body into the liver can lead to cell failure and jaundice. Blockage of the bile ducts This can occur as a result of abnormality inside or outside the ducts. The commonest example of an internal blockage is a gallstone. Tumours of the bile duct are rare but if large enough, or situated just where the bile duct meets the duodenum, then they can block the flow of bile. At this junction point, known as the ampulla of Vater, the tube from the pancreas gland also joins to the duodenum. Cancer of the pancreas tends to arise in the part of the pancreas nearest to the ampulla of Vater, so is another potential cause of obstructive jaundice. Any external organ or mass lying nearby that becomes large enough to press on the bile duct could be responsible. Examples include swollen internal lymph glands, a cyst (perhaps of the pancreas) or scar tissue following a previous infection or surgery. Symptoms of Jaundice, other than that of the jaundice itself, will relate to the underlying cause. For example someone with haemolysis might also be anaemic and tired. If a gallstone were responsible there would probably have been a preceding history of pain in the abdomen. A cancer might be accompanied by weight loss, and so on. When jaundice is due to obstruction of the bile duct the person will often notice that their urine becomes dark and stools become pale, as the excess bilirubin spills over into the urine and no longer colours the stool. Obstructive jaundice is also often accompanied by intense itching. The diagnosis is made by recognition of the patients appearance and accompanying symptoms. A blood test will confirm the raised bilirubin level and other tests such as those for hepatitis and haemolysis are also done on the blood. Ultrasound is a good way to inspect the liver and bile ducts for signs of obstruction, and often can give useful information on the pancreas gland. CT scanning also helps diagnose obstructive jaundice accurately. Treatment will depend upon the diagnosis behind the symptom of jaundice. For example, if the problem is one of gallstones, then removal of the gallbladder may be required. Jaundice comes in several other types, I will elaborate briefly about some of those types as follows: Neonatal jaundice is usually harmless: this condition is often seen in infants around the second day after birth, lasting until day 8 in normal births, or to around day 14 in premature births. Serum bilirubin normally drops to a low level without any intervention required: the jaundice is presumably a consequence of metabolic and physiological adjustments after birth. In extreme cases, a brain-damaging condition known as kernicterus can occur; there are concerns that this condition has been rising in recent years due to inadequate detection and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Neonatal jaundice is a risk factor for hearing loss. Jaundiced eye, It was once believed persons suffering from the medical condition jaundice saw everything as yellow. By extension, the jaundiced eye came to mean a prejudiced view, usually rather negative or critical. Alexander Pope, in An Essay on Criticism (1711), wrote: All seems infected that the infected spy, As all looks yellow to the jaundiced eye. Similarly in the mid 19th century the English poet Lord Alfred Tennyson wrote in the poem Locksley Hall: So I triumphed ere my passion sweeping thro me left me dry, left me with the palsied heart, and left me with a jaundiced eye. In conclusion, if you or one of your friends or relatives suspect that you may have jaundice, it is essential that you arrange to see your doctor in order that the underlying cause is identified and any possible treatment initiated as soon as possible.