U.S. Border Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

U.S. Fringe Security - Essay Example We highly esteem our significant and practically one of a kind pledge to freedom, and the lawful organizations and urban culture that have made America most likely the freest society ever (Herman Schwartz, Security and freedom during a time of fear mongering). Following September 11, President George W. Hedge declared a war on fear based oppression that would be worldwide battle and would proceed far into what's to come. Twilight of the assault, Attorney General John Ashcroft made the Department of Justice plan administrative recommendations. Investigators denied their old lists of things to get and made a huge proposition, which, with different arrangements, turned into the 342-page USA-Patriot Act. At the point when it was constrained through only a month and a half later, very few individuals from Congress had perused this bill, and many decided in favor of it with questions. So extraordinary was the strain to make some defensive move against fear mongering, be that as it may, that just a single representative and 66 House individuals casted a ballot against it. The most significant purpose of the proposition was devoted to United States Border Security; and after the eleventh of September a few measures have been taken. The creator of this examination will descry the circumstance of United States outskirt security, explain the points of interest and shortcomings of American security framework. I might want to focus on United States Mexico and Canadian outskirts. The United States Mexico boundary The United States Mexico boundary is in reality a few detachment obstructions wanted to forestall unlawful movement into the United States from the region of neighboring Mexico. Its key objective is Mexican nationals and other Latin Americans, however lately different gatherings (for example Asians of various nationalities) have likewise been utilizing the permeable Mexican fringe to make safe access to the USA. The hindrances were structured as a component of three bigger Activities to forestall unlawful movement, Operation Gatekeeper in California, Operation Hold-the-Line in Texas, and Operation Safeguard in Arizona. The reason for these obstructions is to make foreigners cross the outskirt with various troubles, so as to diminish relocation. A few researchers, who investigated this subject, express that these activities are only an advertising technique used to convince U.S. residents that the outskirt is secure, while the economy profits by the proceeding with stream of modest wo rk over the fringe. The 3140 km (1,951 mile) fringe between the United States and Mexico crosses an assortment of landscapes, including urban territories and deserts. The boundary is arranged in the urban segments of the fringe; really the incredible number of relocations occurred in this area. These urban regions incorporate California, Texas, San Diego and El Paso. The accomplishment of the hindrance prompted a perceptible increment in the quantity of individuals attempting to cross the Sonoran Desert and the Baboquivari Mountains in Arizona. Such transients

Business Law Legal Environment Australia â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Business Law Legal Environment Australia? Answer: Introducation The law of tort expects individuals to be dependable while managing others. Additionally, the law anticipates that occupiers should ensure that their guarantees are sheltered from jeopardizing the lives or the properties of the individuals who go to their premises. Thus, organizations ought to guarantee that their items or administrations are protected and dependable to the clients who buy them. In a more profound conversation, this paper will represent various uses of the law of tort. Tort of Negligence and Misrepresentation As the normal torts, carelessness, and distortions are a portion of the torts that individuals face all the time. Beginning with the tort of carelessness, these are conditions where one people unfortunate behavior makes wounds the other individual (Kubasek, Browne, Dhooge, Herron Barkacs, 2016). With respect to distortion, this one happens when a partys lead or articulations current conditions that are false and persuades the other party to depend on those conditions (Beatty, Samuelson Bredeson, 2013). While deception can occur in both the law of agreement and the law of tort, this paper will concentrate on the law of tort where the law rebuffs it by granting remuneration and even correctional harms (Kubasek, Browne, Dhooge, Herron Barkacs, 2016). Tort of Negligence and Its component There are basically three components of carelessness, yet similar components can be separated to sub-components. The principal component is the obligation of care (Miller Cross, 2010). At the point when an instance of carelessness goes to the court, courts start by deciding if there was an obligation to mind that the litigant owed to the claimant(Mann, Roberts Smith, 2012). The instance of (Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932) was the main case to decide an obligation to mind when it built up the idea of the 'neighbor standard.' The case included a petitioner who found a disintegrated snail in a container of lager when she emptied the staying content into her glass. The judgment for this situation set up that the respondent who was the maker had penetrated his obligation of care. With that, he was at risk for the petitioners harms of 500 as guaranteed by the inquirer. Inspired by a paranoid fear of the abuse of this case, the choice of (Lords in Caparo v Dickman, 1990) set out a three-phase test for the assurance of the obligation to mind. Subsequent to building up an obligation of care in the litigant, the court pushes ahead to locate the second component of carelessness. This component tries to discover whether the litigant penetrated that obligation (Varuhas, 2014). Since the law requires every individual who owes an obligation of care to act sensibly in executing that obligation, the law tries to discover whether the activities of the respondent were absurd. By sensible, the law expects that an individual should act similarly a sensible individual would have acted in such conditions. Take for instance the instance of (Nettleship v Weston, 1971). The driver was a third exercise understudy who caused a mishap harming the inquirer who was his teacher. At the point when the court inspected this case, they found that the respondent had acted nonsensically henceforth at risk for the harms. The courts third step or third component is to interface the petitioners harms with the litigants careless activities. The working instrument for this progression is the yet for test which tests for the immediate connection between the penetrated obligation and the misfortune (Steele, 2017). The yet for test goes connected at the hip with setting up whether the guaranteed harms are sensibly predictable (Twomey, Jennings, Fox Anderson, 2011). In other words; the harms ought not be excessively remote. Take for example the instance of (Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital Management Committee, 1969) Though the law found the need inability to analyze a patient as a disregard of obligation, it court didn't discover an association between the demise of the Barnett spouse and the penetrate of obligation by the medical clinic. Nobody could endure the arsenic poison implying that in any case, the spouse would have kicked the bucket. In a word, the widow asserted that the demise of the spouse was brought about by the disappointment of the specialists to look at him. Regardless of that, the spouse conditions came about because of the dangerous arsenic poison. Distortion and Its components The law of tort characterizes distortion as a false articulation or behaviors that baits another gathering into the agreement or understanding (Clarkson, Miller, Cross Clarkson, 2015). Gergen (2013) states that when an instance of distortion comes to court, the court begins looking at whether there was an oral, composed or lead proclamation. Subsequent to discovering this first component, the court at that point thinks about the deception of the announcement. A difference in realities doesn't tally what is important is whether the individual who had given an announcement refreshes the other party on the changes. Take for example the instance of (With v O'Flanagan, 1936). The specialist had genuine figures in January while offering the expression, however by May, the realities had changed. The announcement went to be bogus, and the litigant sued for harms. The subsequent component is discovering whether the announcement was a reality instead of suppositions. In the tort of deception, what tallies is the false realities yet not false conclusions. In (Bissett v Wilkinson, 1927), Mr. Wilkinson told the Mr. Bisset that he figured the land would suit 2,000 sheep. Mr.Wikinson knew without a doubt that the land had not been utilized for raising sheep. At the point when the announcement went to be false, the adjudicator said that the dealers explanation was only an assessment yet not a reality. As a general rule, the announcement got false and the Mr.Wikinson guarantee for harms. Be that as it may, the asserted fizzled on the grounds that the court didn't discover the announcement from Mr. Bisset as a reality yet rather a conclusion. The third component manages enlistment. The inquiry is whether the announcement proposed to instigate one gathering to acknowledge the understanding and whether the announcement without a doubt initiated the gathering (Mann, Roberts Smith, 2012). The fourth component interfaces the harms to the deception. In the event that there is an immediate association, the case succeeds. On the off chance that the harms are excessively remote, the court may disregard to grant the pay. Approach on Negligence and Misrepresentation inside Business Context. The two torts happen routinely in business. All the more frequently, they may occur in circumstances of item liabilities and premises liabilities. Item and administration liabilities Organizations are at risk for perils brought about by their blemished items or administrations. (Mann, Roberts Smith, 2012). At the point when a deficient item causes a few harms, clients may choose a reason for activity through clients insurance act. A genuine model is the outlined case above (Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932). So also, distortion in items can occur through a misleading item where the business guarantees that an item would offer advantages which in actuality the dealers realizes that it is false. Be that as it may, the law permits deals puff. Faulty administrations may likewise bring about an activity in court. In (Andrews v Hopkinson, 1957) The inquirer got a vehicle with deficient controlling from the litigant. Thus, the inquirer engaged in a mishap and sued the respondent for his careless help. The court found the litigant obligated and granted the petitioner a remuneration for his misfortune. Reason Liability Reason risk manages issues where an individual would get harmed in another people premise. On the off chance that the court finds that the respondent errored in giving sensible consideration, the court is probably going to grant remuneration to the harmed party (Mann, Roberts Smith, 2012). Individuals harmed could be occupiers guests or just trespassers, however the court takes each case in an unexpected way. A case of this circumstance is the situation of (B v JJB Sports,2006). The harmed party was a kid of 10-years of age. The respondent had cleaned the floor leaving the floor wet under which represented a hazard to kids not to mention not at all like grown-ups who might have perused the signs. The court granted pay to the kid as it found the litigant subject for his careless behaviors of leaving the floor wet. Issues of Advice Counsels additionally owe an obligation of care to those individuals depending on their recommendation (Clarkson, Miller, Cross Clarkson, 2015). The court found the litigant obligated for an off-base data in (Chaudhry v Prabhakar, 1988). The inquirer had asked the respondent who was a gifted broker in vehicles to locate her a strong used vehicle. In any case, the respondent brought a vehicle that had been engaged with mishap which was against the guidelines given by the inquirer. Barrier to Claims of Negligence A case brought could endure dissatisfactions if the respondent raises a barrier. Despite the fact that the guard would not prevail with regards to faltering the whole case, it can help in decreasing the weight of harms that the litigant would have paid (Clarkson, Miller, Cross Clarkson, 2015). A portion of the uncommon barriers are a demonstration of God and trespasser. A demonstration of God implies risks brought about by normal powers. Trespassers safeguard contends that the litigant can't ensure somebody who he doesn't have information regarding whether the individual is on the premises. Aside from these two there are different protections, for example, contributory carelessness. Contributory carelessness This protection requires the litigant to demonstrate that the inquirer continued purposely to the hazard regardless of being cautioned by the respondent. For instance, in (Froom v Butcher, 1976). The petitioner sued the litigant subsequent to continuing wounds in a mishap. The petitioner asserted that the careless direct of the litigant caused the mishap however the court found that he was not wearing his safety belt. The court just permitted him to recoup 80% of the guaranteed harms. Volenti non fit injuria(Consent) Where the petitioner agrees to get into the hazard, can't turn around to guarantee for the harms. A model is an instance of (Morris v Murray, 1990) For this situation, the inquirer realized his companion was flushed, however he continued to take a ride with him in the airplane. The cl

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 Summary COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 â€" Summary COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Shortly after the 2012 application for admission went live we published 10 tips to assist with communicating with our office and obtaining information.   For ease of reference all 10 tips are summarized here for easy reference.   Each is a hyperlink to the full entry.   We hope this allows you to obtain information quickly and communicate clearly with our office. 1.     Always use the same email address when communicating with our office â€" this includes the email you use when you start your application. In addition we recommend NOT using an employer email address and always including your email address in the signature of your message (below your name). 2.   Avoid Unnecessarily Creating a Duplicate Online Application. 3.   Avoid copying several parties on the same email and avoid long emails. 4.   Thoroughly review our FAQ Page. 5.   When leaving a voice mail message speak slowly and clearly, state your telephone number twice, and note your city/time zone. 6.   If you must mail something to our office use a private mail courier and request receipt confirmation. 7.   Check out our student, alumni, faculty, staff interview page. 8.   Familiarize Yourself with Expenses and Start searching for fellowships/scholarships/grants as soon as possible! 9.   Attend an information session or recruitment event. 10.   Subscribe to this Blog.

The Effects Of Video Games On Today s Youth - 1131 Words

Introduction Video games have been one of the most popular sources of entertainment for quite some time. Video games have changed the entertainment industry and is now a billion-dollar industry. The industry has also effected society. Of course, there are some benefits of using video games, but there are also many negative effects of the use of video games, especially on today’s youth. According to NPD, ninety-one percent of children from the age of two to seventeen play video games (Camp, 2011). In terms of the population of the youth, that is nearly sixty-four-million children (Camp, 2011). According to Dino Grandoni, children play from one to three hours of video games per day (Grandoni, 2014). With these facts, it is obvious that the use of video games will have some physical, mental, and social effects on the child, especially if the child becomes addicted to playing video games. The consequences of playing these games in an addictive manner includes physical issues, psychological iss ues, as well as issues connecting with people in the real world. Physical Problems Of course video games can be fun or even relaxing. However, is playing as a fictional character in a fictional realm worth the physical problems that can arise from constantly playing? Playing video games for too long puts stress on the body’s immune system, muscles, and even the brain (video-game-addiction). Also, the addiction of video games can cause a child to maintain poor hygiene habits as well as poorShow MoreRelatedBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Youth Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesof video games, and Angry Birds Theme Park in China Universal Studios in Hollywood, California both also involve video game entertainment, therefore everywhere you go videogames follow! Obviously, the better technology gets the more accessible video games are becoming. Over 90% of the young adults and young children population play video games in the United States. Unfortunately, 90% of those games involve mature content that often includes violence (â€Å"Little By Little, Violent Video Games MakeRead MoreVideo Game Effects On Young Children And Young Adults Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pages. VIDEO GAME EFFECTS ON YOUNG CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS Carlsbad, California Legoland is consists of video games, and Angry Birds Theme Park in China Universal Studios in Hollywood, California both also involve video game entertainment, therefore everywhere you go videogames follow! Obviously, the better technology gets the more accessible video games are becoming. Over 90% of the young adults and young children population play video games in the United States play video games. UnfortunatelyRead MoreVideo Games Have Become Part Of The Social Norm For Kids Now Days1688 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games have become part of the social norm for kids now days. Whether it be for educational purposes, sports, a way to take the edge off, or for just pure entertainment, games have evolved to simulate a real life feel. As video games have advanced, so have the graphics and objectives. Kids are not playing low bit games like Pong anymore, but rather games that look and feel like real life. When you pick up the controller now, you’re enterin g a completely different world. Today, children are growingRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Our Lives1355 Words   |  6 Pagesthis subject. I personally think that video games can greatly impact your lives in a positive manner, but they can also destroy your lives. Videogames altering your intelligence making you less sophisticated, or time consuming making people over weight? The advantage of playing video games can be proven in its ability to enhance learning, hand-eye coordination, and can help to reduce feelings of stress and anger. Videogames a huge part of today s society, becoming more popular than everRead MoreVideo Games Effect On Today s Adolescents839 Words   |  4 PagesAre video games having a negative effect on today’s adolescents? For most teens, video games can be a fun way to escape reality. How do video games impact us? Are video games having a positive or a negative effect on today’s adolescents? Spending too much time playing video games leads to escalating rates of teen violence, obesity and declining grades. Violence, which also includes bullying, among teens has been on the rise for years, Watch the local evening news and you will most likely hearRead MoreVideo Games Encourage Teen Violence Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesVideo Games Encourage Teen Violence A sniper perched high in a eagles nest zooms in through his scope to the head of his enemy, pulls the trigger, the enemy falls to the ground headless. This is a image that is common in the world of war, and now in the world of video games. Teens all over the world have become completely addicted to first person fighting games. With technology as great as it is today game makers are able to designed games that are so real it is truly scary. Millions of teensRead MoreEssay on Violent Video Games are the Root Cause of Youth Aggression1157 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the most popular being video games. Video games have come a long way since they were first introduced to the mainstream audience during the 1960’s and 1970’s and have drawn a large amount attraction among people of all ages and culture. However it wasn’t until the Play-station was released that violence became a concern to parents and politics. The level of violence in video games have been in a matter of controversy dating all the way back to the classic games like Pacman and Space InvadersRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On The Media1372 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Many studies suggest that violent video games contribute to the aggressions of video games players. Today over 85% of video games contained violence, and the rest have explicit content like sex, drugs, and disregard to human life (Carnagey, Anderson, Bushman, 2007). Someone who is new to video games is exposing themselves to violence, and for many the general concern comes from being influence from such games. For example, video games first influence school shooting that first startedRead MoreThe Importance Of Violent Video Games932 Words   |  4 PagesWhile video games are fun for a lot of people, violent video games have proven to lead to more than just high scores and a source of entertainment. Violent video games need to be limited to our maturing youth. First, violent video games are one of the biggest and increasing outlets for providing our youth with deranged thoughts and aggressive impulsions. Second, the use of violent video games is very prevalent amongst soldiers in the U.S. Army being ordered to play these games to keep them in a warrior

Stereotyping A Neverending Cycle - 993 Words

Stereotyping is a never ending cycle, one that occurs daily and victimizes everyone. According to Julia Marsh, Author of Barneys busted student for shopping while black. A young black man, recently was discriminated â€Å"On October 22, 2013, in Queens, New York, a nineteen year old black college student named Tayvon Christian, who is nineteen years old, walked into the store Barneys with the excitement of purchasing a designer belt by Salvatore Ferragamo. After making the purchase of the belt, Christian was grabbed and held in the security office by an undercover officer who then asked him how a young black man such as himself could afford to purchase such an expensive belt. The worker from Barneys assumed Christian was fraudulent, and made him provide his identification, debit card, and receipt from the purchase. Officers even called his bank to determine if it was really his card, and it was. Christian was released, by the officers and he is suing Barneys and the NYPD for unspeci fied damages (Marsh, 1). Tayvon was the victim of stereotyping. In today’s society stereotypes play an important role, because it is broken down into so many categories such as religion, homosexuality, and race. Stereotyping is widespread in America and all over the world. It is based on generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. Tayvon was a victim of stereotype because people tend to believe that majority of black males are thieves and do not have the money to purchase certainShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesHighland Park Public Library Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 6.1. Ten Reasons for Marketing Library and Information Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7.1. The Life Cycle of Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7.2. Organization Chart Showing Authority Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fi gure 7.3. Line and Staff Organizational Units . . . . . . . . . Figure 7.4. Organization

Baby Thesis Free Essays

(Baby Thesis) Factors that can affect a student’s academic performance Submitted By: Rose Ann J. Soltes Submitted To: Michael Rey C. Bucol Introduction When students earn a below average grade on a test or a report card, it does not necessarily mean that they did not study hard enough. We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Thesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many intelligent children who do not perform well in school, not because they cannot comprehend classroom lessons, but because of external factors that affect their academic success   Waking up early for school has recently been acknowledged as a reason why students are not performing to the best of their ability. Sleepy students are less likely to pay attention to their teachers. Published an article in 2006, which discusses a study regarding the start time. Across the country, schools on average begin around 7:30AM. However, the study, led by a CAD. IT teachers, discovered that students perform better later in the day for biological reasons. The article states that specific high schools that started later saw an improvement in their students’ academic achievement simply because they were able to wake up later. The extent of student’s learning in academics may bedetermined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has beendone. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If alearner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned alot while low grades indicate lesser learning. However, many experiences and studies found out that there are also several factors that would account for the grades. No single factor can be definitely pointed out as predicting grades. It has been an interplay of so many factors – gender, IQ, study habits, age, year  level, parent’s educational attainment, social status, number of siblings, birthorder, etc. In fact, almost all of existing environmental and personal factorsare a variable of academic performance. However, at this point in time, theresearchers would like to investigate the possible relationship of study habitsand the factors affecting it to the academic achievement of under graduate. Theinvestigation of on this area thus becomes a real and compelling motivationfor the researchers to conduct this study. Statement of the Problem This study intended to find out the factors affecting the study habits of  undergraduate CAD. IT students. It also aimed to answer the following questions: 1) What is the profile of the respondents according to: 1. 1 Time management 1. 2 Learning Skills 1. 3 Study Skills 2) What extent of influence did the independent variables have on studentstudy habits? 3) Did the independent variables significantly influence students studyhabits? Recommendation The researchers believes that students, particularly CAD. IT will be benefited from the findings of this study since the study provides basis for awareness and better understanding of how their current study habits affected their academic performance. Likewise gives them a morefocused and clear perspective on how the specific behaviours related totheir studies influenced study habits. Consequently, this awareness alsogives a much deeper understanding of their selves as students consideringthat the college life is typically beset of developmental adjustment demands. School administrators-like subject area coordinators, may also beguided in the formulation of future modification of educational policies,curriculum and strategies toward a more effective delivery of learning. Teachers- will also be help in understanding better the diversity of  learning of their students. As such, it is hoped that they could develop more effective methodologies in teaching their subject matter. Guidance and Counselling Centre-will also be help by this studythrough providing a more focused and factual knowledge on the factorsaffecting students study habits. This increased the understanding of theGuidance Counsellors on the interplay of the variables studied in thisresearch. Such knowledge is hoped to help the Guidance and Counselling practitioners towards the development and implementation of more effective programs in consideration of these variables. Research Settings The study will be conducted inside the computer aided design and information technology (CAD. IT) Data Gathering The researchers will ask permission from the administration office to allow the student to answer the questionnaire. The answering of the questionnaire will be done in the CAD. IT intitution. Answered questionaires then, will be gather, responses coded andwill be subject to the appropriate statistical computation for reliability. These students name will then be deleted from the list of the total population so asnot to include them again in the selection of the sample population. Instruments Use Self- developed questionnaire composed of 10 items questions will be use to measure Study Habits of CAD. IT Students. Survey Questionnaire on Study Habits Name_______________________ Course ;Year______________  Age______Gender_______  Date________________ Direction: Please put check (v) on the space that corresponds to what you  are actually doing, thinking, and feeling regarding the statement. There are noright and wrong answers to this questionnaire. Rest assured that your  answers will be treated in strictest and will be used only for this study. . What is your gender? Male _____ Female ______ 2. What year are you in college? 1styear ____ 2nd year ______ 3rd year _____ 4th year ______ 3. What is your average grade? A _____ A- ______ B______ B- ______ C______ D ______ 4. How far in advance do you start studying for finals? One month ____ Two weeks______ One week _____ Daysbefore_____  The night before_______ 5. What time of day do you do the most studying? Morning (6 a. m. to noon _____ Afternoon (noon to 6 p. m. ) _____  Evening (6 p. m. to 9 p. m. ) _____ Night (9 p. . to 12 a. m. ) _____  Late night (12 a. m. to 6 a. m. ) _____ 6. On average, how many hours do you study for finals? 20-24 hours ______ 15-19 hours_______10-14 hours _______ 5-9 hours  ________  1-4 hours _________ 7. What is your favorite way to study? Repeating points out loud _____ Writing index/flash cards, then usingthem_______  Writing outlines _______ Highlighting text ______ Studying in agroup__________   Going to review sessions ______ Other, please describe :  ________________ 8. Where is your favorite place to study? Dorm room _____ Bedroom _______ Dorm common room/lounge  _______  Library ______ Coffee shop _______ Parents’ home ______ Campuspub/bar _____  Student union _______ Other, please describe: _______________ 9. What is your favorite study break? Exercise _______ Watching TV/movie ____Surfing the Internet _______  Napping _________ Socializing ______ Playing video games ________  Praying/meditating ______ Other, please describe: _______________ 10. Do you feel increased stress or anxiety leading up to exam time? Yes ____ No _____   CONCLUSION How to cite Baby Thesis, Essay examples

Replacement Darling Harbour Bridge Project -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Replacement Darling Harbour Bridge Project? Answer: Introduction The statement of work is a structured document that gives an insight of the details and scope of the work that is needed to be completed within the specific project. This formal document is needed to be agreed upon all the parties involved in the project. An effective Statement of Work document should contain every minute details of the project so that the different parties involved have a clear idea of the type of work required, duration of the work and the project deliverables. The statement of work document generally contains a brief description of the project and involves a request for proposal as well. This document should be routinely employees in the implementation of project management as it contains the definition of the project specific activities, the project deliverables and project timeline along with the project schedule. Project Background The project deals with the work of Darling Harbor Swing Bridge replacement. This project involves the superstructure replacement of the bridge along with the swing span replacement, substructure modification. Other works of the project includes a complete mechanical and electrical overhaul, operator house replacement and fender system replacement. The project has been designed in order to minimize the impact or effect on public. Therefore, it is decided that the works related to the superstructure and swing span replacement is to be completed within the 10-day period during which the bridge will remain closed for the public. The construction work for the project is decided to be start on 11 September 2017 and completed within 5th December 2017. The budget set for the entire project is AUD 31,474,000. Tenders for the project have been invited, which is needed to be submitted in person to Samira Alvandi. A proper project management plan is developed for this project along with the plan for quality assurance and safety management standards. The contract type chosen for this project is a fixed type contract with a bid built method of delivery. The project is expected to be completed within the set schedule and allocated budget. Scope of Work The scope of work for renovation of the bridge includes the planning and execution of the project according to the set plan. A group f architect appointed for the project will be responsible for designing the structure of the construct ion work and a detailed overview of the part of the bridge that needs immediate attention. Each part of the planning phase will however require approval from the project owner before moving on to the subsequent stages. The contractor hired for the project is responsible for ensuring the presence of adequate resources for redesigning, building and stress tensing. The implementation phases of the project include the replacement of the superstructure of the swing bridge, replacement of the swing plan along with the modifications of the substructure. This requires a planned approach as all the works in the project should be completed within the 10-day bridge closure period. Other construction works in the project includes complete mechanical and electrical overhaul, replacement of the operator house and fender system replacement. The major deliverables associated with the project is the replacement of superstructure and the swing span. This is a major deliverable because it is set to be completed within a very constricted time of 10 days. The project should be completed within the set budget of AUD 31,474,000 with the start date of construction work is scheduled to 11 September 2017 and the project completion date is set to 5 December 2017. Period of Performance The project of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge Replacement Project is implied for the development of the effective flow of operations and its significant development of the bridge in the span of project duration. The operations of the project would be carry on from Monday 11th September, 2017 to 5th December, 2017. Work Requirements The project of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge Replacement Project would consist of using the waterfall methodology for the development of the construction project. The project of construction of the activities of bridge redevelopment would involve the use of the effective and improved operations. The project operations would be divided into four phases namely Project Planning, Project Initiation, Project Construction, and Project Closure. The planning phase consists of development of project plan, resource development plan, financial plan development, quality analysis and strategy, communication plan development, and procurement plan development. The Project Initiation Phase includes Buisness case development, Feasibility Analysis and Study, Project Charter Documentation, and Project team is build up. The Project Construction Phase comprises of "Superstructure Replacement of the Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Swing Span Replacement of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Substructure Modif ication of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Mechanical Overhaul is formed for Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Electrical Overhaul is formed for Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", "Operator House replacement for Darling Harbour Swing Bridge", and "Fender System Replacement of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge". The Project Closure Phase includes the Project Progress is Reviewed, Final Documentation of the project, and Stakeholders Sign off the project final report. The project requirements consist of some resources that would be implied for the development of the effective processing and analysis. The project of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge Replacement would have to endure the development of the effective and smart analysis of the project integration management. The development of the project operations would be helpful for the integration of the profound knowledge development. The acceptance of the project would be based on the following factors, Project Initial Requirements and Resources are gathered Project would be completed in the estimated time schedule Operations of the project would be completed in the estimated cost budget Government Approval of the construction Activities WHS health and Safety Policies for construction is implied Fire Safety Measures are used Project Gantt Chart Quality assurance for any project is necessary for maintaining a desirable quality of a product. This requires through attention to every stage and processes from the project initiation phase to the project completion phase. The construction work related to the repair an renovation of the Darling Harbor Swing bridge is a highly optimized process involving different disciplines and different participants as well. The quality assurance standards thus undertaken in this project eliminates the cause of unsatisfying performance in the project implementation. A contract document is developed as a guideline of quality control. This document indicates that any construction work in the bridge will be considered acceptable under the applicable regulatory codes and standards of professional practice, only if it is reliable enough and the ease with which the maintenance works can be managed. The different tools and technology involved with the maintenance of the quality standard includes regular inspection of the works, control charts and statistical sampling. These tools help in improvement of the quality of the works and in decision acceptance as well. Evaluation of the project performance in regular basis helps in providing the confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards and therefore this is one of the major requirements in maintaining a standard quality of the project. Furthermore, monitoring of the quality assurance program is necessary for ensuring a proper result. This further requires a development of quality management plan that should be followed throughout the project implementation phase. Quality audit is another major criteria required for safeguarding the assured quality of the project is scheduled to be completed in a constricted time of 10 days. Furthermore, in order to assure a good quality project, determining and inspecting the quality of the building materials such as cement, sand, steel and aggregate concrete is essential. The moisture content in the specific part of the bridge is to be measured and dealt accordingly. The tensile strength of the steel and compressive strength of the bricks is needed to be inspected in order to deliver a good quality product and project. The different steps involved in quality assurance are listed below- 1) The materials testing are to be done prior to the beginning of the construction 2) The contractor is responsible for obtaining the samples of the materials designated as the proposed source of the materials 3) Contractor is responsible for sending the test samples in the testing laboratory for determining the acceptance criteria of the material under testing 4) The CQAO is responsible for inspecting the materials being used periodically 5) The project manager is responsible for supervision of the entire project work and should make sure that the project undergoes every phases of the project management. Safety Standards are designed in order to ensure the safety of the products activities and the processes involved in the project management life cycle. Every worker and employees associated with this project should abide by the safety standards of the project. The safety policy is designed to comply with the occupational safety and health administration, with an aim of maintaining a safe workplace. Workers are requires to familiarize themselves with all the potential hazards in the construction site and should not work in the areas where the protection system have not been installed. The project owner should also ensure fall protection systems to protect the workers working in the site and prevent them from walking on unprotected edges. Hard hats are mandatory to be worn while working on site. Furthermore, it is mandatory for the workers to wear sturdy and non-skid work boots while working on the bridge. For this, workers should be trained enough to recognize the hazards of falling a nd should know the procedure of minimizing the hazards and preventing the falls. The workers should be further provided with an eye and face protection to the workers and the safety standard designed should meet the standards of ANSI Z87.1-2010. Workers should be trained to operate the aerial lift in the workspace. Procurement Strategy Procurement strategy is a planned approach of delivering a successful product. It deals with the acquisition of materials, supplies and services that a company need to operate successfully. The type of contract chosen for a project depends on many factors, which includes type of the building project and goals and objective of the project. The contract type chosen for this renovation project is a fixed price contract. This contract type is chosen for this project because the total budget of the project is already fixed to AUD 31, 474,000 with a a fixed schedule. Furthermore, the superstructure and swing span replacement of the bridge is needed to be completed within the 10-day bridge closure period to minimize the impact of construction on public. Therefore, it is beneficial to consider a fixed project contract for this construction work. In a fixed type contract, the owner and the contractor before the initiation of the construction or project work agree a single price for all work. This assures the completion of the project within athe ste time as this type of contract includes incentives fir early completion of the project and in similar ways, the liquidated damages or penalties for the late completion. Therefore, it becomes responsibility of the contractor to complete the work within the set time. Since the amount is already paid at the beginning of the project initiation, it becomes the responsibility of the contractor to complete the work within the set schedule. There is however, certain risk associated with the builder or the contractor if he fails to bid an appropriate cost of the project. This risk can however be mitigated in this case as the budget of the project is already set for this project as well as the project schedule. Fixed contract is ideal for the projects, which have a clear project scope and defined construction schedule. There is limited flexibility in modifying and designing the project works once the project has been initiated. Since t he scope, schedule and budget of the project is clear, it is beneficial for the project owner to consider a fixed type contract. The major drawback related to the fixed type contract is that there is less transparency in the breakdown of costs and the profit margin of the builder. The major advantage of a fixed type contract is that it is normally not subjected to any sort of adjustments unless the provision for the same is included in the agreement. It provides the assurance of a task or project completion within a set budget and therefore fixed contract is set for this renovation project. Furthermore, it places a minimum administrative burden on the different contracting parties but is subjected to maximum risk in case of cost escalation. The method of delivery chosen for this project is design bid build method. This includes designing of the project by a team of architects hired for this project. The contractor appointed for the project along with the project manager is responsible for completion of the project. In this mode of delivery, the designing and construction phases of a project are clear and distinct and the entire planning of the project is generally completed before the initiation of the project. The major advantage of the project is that, the project scope is well understood and there are less chance of the misunderstandings in the project. The delivery method associated with a fixed time contract is design bid build delivery and therefore, this method of delivery is recommended for the project. References Asqtoronto.org., (2017). Seven Quality Tools | ASQ Toronto Section 402. Retrieved 9 September 2017, from https://asqtoronto.org/resources/quality-tools/seven-quality-tools/ Burke, R. (2013). 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